Language name: KAINGANG
UPSID number: 6808
Alternate name(s):
Classification: South American, Macro-Ge
This language has 27 segments
Its Frequency index is 0.373737374 (average percentage of segments; 0.1: many very rare segments; 0.39: average; 0.7: many common segments)
The language has these sounds: p t k ? mb nd nd_ Ng h S rr j w i e E a O o u i_ @ i~ E~ a~ o~ @~
Comment: Kaingang is spoken in Parana state, Brazil. The series given here as prenasalized stops are pronounced as such in (1) word-medial syllable-initial position unless a nasalized vowel precedes, and (2) in syllable-final position unless a nasalized vowel precedes. In these positions with a preceding nasalized vowel and word-initially with a following nasalized vowel, simple nasalized consonants occur. Medially between oral vowels an oral stop onset occurs (i.e. VbmbV etc.).
Source(s): Henry, J. 1935. A Kaingang text. International Journal of American Linguistics 8.3-4:172-218.
Kindell, G. 1972. Kaingang phonemics. Appendix to Wiesemann, U. 1972. Die phonologische und grammatische Struktur der Kaingang-Sprache. Mouton: The Hague, Paris.
Wiesemann, U. 1972. Die phonologische und grammatische Struktur der Kaingang-Sprache. Mouton: The Hague, Paris.

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